Keeping you safe online with Google and beyond

Keeping you safer online is at the heart of everything we do. On Safer Internet Day, we’re sharing updates on this work and some significant new partnerships. We’re also announcing our strongest protections to date for high risk users and groups, and new enhanced browsing security for everyone.

Helping you learn how to stay safe online

We’re partnering with Khan Academy, a non-profit educational organization, to develop free, online lessons that will help teach people how to stay safe online. We’ll contribute $5 million so that Khan Academy can create accessible, easy to understand and actionable online safety content for its 18 million monthly users around the globe. Last year alone, searches for “how to stop identity theft" spiked over 110%, so we know people are looking for tips on how to protect themselves online. Our previous work in educating people about online safety has shown us the positive impact this can have. To expand our impact, we’re excited to be partnering with Khan Academy to make internet safety more accessible for everyone.

Keeping your information safe

We provide easy, simple-to-use tools like Security Checkup to give you actionable recommendations on how to strengthen the security of your Google Account. In 2021, people took more than 1.5 billion Security Checkups, and we hope to see that number grow in 2022. In 2021, we enrolled over 150 million people in two-step verification (2SV). As a result of this effort, we have seen a 50% decrease in accounts being compromised.

2sv prompt

Today we are announcing:

  • More protection for high risk users: We are the first-choice for high risk users like election workers, journalists, and human rights workers. Ahead of the upcoming 2022 U.S. midterm elections, we’re expanding our efforts to protect these high risk users. We’ve teamed up with organizations across the political spectrum to establish the Campaign Security Project, providing organizations with the tools to train candidates and campaign workers on how to stay safe online. Groups include the Veterans Campaign, Collective Future, Women’s Public Leadership Network, LGBTQ Victory Institute,Center for American Ideas, University of San Francisco, Emerge, Latino Victory and more. This will build on our ongoing work with Defending Digital Campaigns, USC Election Cybersecurity Initiative and Cybersecurity for State Leaders.

    Globally, we’re also working with organizations like the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) to help enhance the security of campaigns and affiliated high risk users. As always, we encourage all high risk users to enroll in our free Advanced Protection Program, which bundles the strongest Google Account security options together, and proactively protects against new and evolving threats.

  • Introducing Account Level Enhanced Safe Browsing: Coming next month, you will be able to opt in to Google’s account-level enhanced safe browsing feature - which provides our broadest security protection against threats you encounter on the web and against your Google Account. Soon you will be able to turn this setting on when you take a Security Checkup or manually in your account settings.

Putting you in control

You should have control over your data. That’s why we build tools like Privacy Checkup that put you in the driver’s seat with helpful reminders of what activity is being saved, which third-party apps have permission to access your data, and the option to adjust your settings accordingly with simple controls.

We’re also introducing new product features, and expanding current ones, to give you more control and keep you safe online:

  • Google Assistant: Building on our launch ofGuest Mode, an easy way to control your privacy by saying "Hey Google, turn on Guest Mode," we're expanding this feature in 9 new languages in the coming months for global availability on Smart Displays and speakers, like Nest Hub Max and Nest Audio. While in Guest Mode, these devices won’t save your Assistant activity to your Google Account and won’t show personal results, like your calendar entries or contacts, until you exit the mode. This helps keep your personal information private while others are around your shared device. If you ask Assistant to interact with other apps and services, they might still save that activity or provide personalized results.
Assistant guest mode image
  • Google One: When we launched the VPN by Google One for Android, we wanted to give subscribers an extra layer of online protection and a safer connection, no matter what carrier you’re on. To bring protection to even more people, we are rolling out the VPN to iOS devices. Similar to Android, the VPN will be available to Google One members on Premium plans (2 TB and higher) through the Google One app on iOS.

  • Google Fi: If you have a Google Fi phone plan, soon you’ll have the option to start sharing your location with your family members when you’re on the go in real-time right from the Fi app — at no extra cost. Your family members can choose to share their location for a set period of time, until the setting is turned off, or not at all.

Safer Internet Day might come around once a year, but here at Google we want you to stay safe online every day. Visit our Safety Center to learn all the ways we’re making every day safer with Google.

Making you safer with 2SV

Today’s cyber criminals don’t discriminate when it comes to who they target online. Everyone from politicians and celebrities to everyday citizens run the risk of having their personal information stolen.

That’s why Google has made security the cornerstone of our product strategy. We don’t just plug security holes; we work to eliminate entire classes of threats for people who depend on our services. Today alone, billions of people around the world will use our products to help with things big and small – whether it's paying for coffee with Google Pay or teaching an online class full of students – and it’s our responsibility to keep your personal information safe and secure. We know that your Gmail is often the link to accessing your non-Google accounts, for banking, social media, shopping and more. That’s why the security of Gmail is fundamental to our work to keep you safe online.

By making all of our products secure by default, we keep more users safe than anyone else in the world — blocking malware, phishing attempts, spam messages, and cyber attacks.

Last year, we accelerated our journey to eliminating password threats by starting to auto-enroll users in 2-Step Verification (2SV), giving people an extra layer of protection when cyber criminals try to hack into their accounts, by requiring a second form of verification beyond the password. Since last year’s initiative, we’ve successfully auto-enabled 2SV for over 150 million people, and we've also required it for over 2 million of our YouTube creators. As a result of this effort, we have seen a 50% decrease in accounts being compromised among those users.

This decrease speaks volumes to how effective having a second form of verification can be in protecting your data and personal information. And while we’re proud of these initial results, and happy with the response we have received from our users and the community, we’re excited about other ongoing work we’re doing behind the scenes to make our users even safer.

Making sign-in safer and more convenient

Higher security doesn’t have to mean less convenience. We are actively working on technologies that provide a secure, seamless sign-in experience and eliminate reliance on passwords – as passwords are often involved in data breaches and phishing attempts, are hard to remember, and are a pain to constantly update.

security key

As part of this work, we led the adoption of security keys — another form of verification that requires you to simply plug in and tap your key. We know security keys provide the highest degree of sign-in security possible; that’s why we built the capability right into Android phones and our Google Smart Lock app on Apple devices. Today, almost every mobile device around the world automatically supports this technology, likely including the phone in your pocket.

Phone as a security key

Keeping You Safe Today

Ultimately, we want all of our users to have the best security protections in place — by default — across their devices and accounts. While we automatically protect users from a range of evolving threats, there are just a couple of small things we recommend that users do to be even safer:

  • Take aSecurity Checkup, our quick step-by-step guide that gives you personalized and actionable recommendations that will instantly strengthen the security of your Google Account. It will also allow you to prepare your account for recovery, which is as simple as adding a phone number and a backup email to your account. Not only does this help us verify it's you if you forget your password, but it also makes it harder for a bad actor to gain access to your account.
  • Turn on2SV(or we will!), as it makes all the difference in the event your password is compromised. Don’t just take our word for it; many in the private and public sectors are also rallying behind 2SV. In the U.S., the Biden Administration has taken a strong position on multi-factor authentication (MFA), signing an Executive Order requiring government agencies to implement MFA for the protection of government data. We are seeing governments around the world take similar approaches.
  • UtilizeGoogle Password Manager, which is built directly into Chrome, Android and the Google App. Password Manager helps create strong passwords for all your online accounts without the need to remember them, check if they’ve been involved in a breach and ensure you won’t fall victim to phishing attempts by verifying the authenticity of sign-in pages before logging you in. Even better, it’s convenient. Instead of typing passwords, especially on small mobile keyboards, you can simply press a button after the Password Manager fills in the password for you.

In 2022, we’ll continue our 2SV auto enrollments, make signing in even more seamless, and spread awareness on all of the ways we make every day safer with Google. Visit our Safety Center for more online safety resources.

Stable Channel Update for Chrome OS

The Stable channel is being updated to 98.0.4758.91 (Platform version: 14388.52.0) for most Chrome OS devices.

If you find new issues, please let us know by visiting our forum or filing a bug. Interested in switching channels Find out how. You can submit feedback using ‘Report an issue...’ in the Chrome menu (3 vertical dots in the upper right corner of the browser). 


OS Security Fixes:

[$TBD][1290008] High: Use-after-free in Printing.

[$7000][1272269] High: Heap use-after-free in Sharesheet.

[Internal][1270498] High: Heap buffer underflow in Shelf.

[Internal][1249626] High: Heap use-after-free in Exo.

[$TBD][1280456] Low: Container overflow in Shelf.

For Chrome browser fixes, see the Chrome Desktop Release Announcement!

Matt Nelson,

Google Chrome OS

Participate in Google Meet polls and Q&As on Chromebase for meetings

What’s changing 

You can now participate in Google Meet polls and Q&As when joining from a Chromebase for meetings all-in-one touchscreen device.


Who’s impacted

End users



Why you’d use it

This update can foster more inclusive hybrid meetings by giving participants in conference rooms and classrooms a way to engage in these key activities from Chromebase for meetings devices.



Additional details

Q&A
When using a Chromebase device:
  • Meeting participants can view, sort, and upvote questions.
  • Note: meeting organizers can start Q&As from Meet on web, Android, and iOs devices only.

View and upvote questions on Chromebase for meetings




Polls
When using a Chromebase device:
  • Meeting participants can vote on any poll during the meeting. Note that the vote will be attributed to your Chromebase device.
  • Note: meeting organizers can create a poll from Meet on web, Android, and iOS devices only. 

Participate in meeting polls by voting on Chromebase for meetings




Visit the Help Center to learn more about conducting polls and asking participants questions in Meet, and the supported Google Workspace editions.


Getting started

  • Admins: There is no admin control for this feature.
  • End users: Visit the Help Center to learn more about using polls and Q&As in Google Meet.


Rollout pace


Availability



Resources



Manage overdue tasks in Google Calendar

Quick summary 

You can now easily see and manage your overdue tasks in Google Calendar. If you have uncompleted tasks that were due in the past 30 days, you will have an all day entry that will tell you how many tasks are pending from that timeframe. Clicking on that entry brings up the list of these pending tasks and you can directly edit or mark them as complete from this list. 

See pending tasks as an all day entry in Calendar




By giving you a comprehensive list of uncompleted past tasks, right in Calendar, we hope that this helps you better keep track of your Tasks. The feature will be available on the web and on mobile. 


Getting started 

  • Admins: There is no admin control for this feature. 
  • End users: This feature will be ON by default for anyone that uses tasks in Calendar and can be turned OFF by hiding tasks in Google Calendar. Visit the Help Center to learn more about creating & viewing tasks in Calendar

Rollout pace 

Web: 

Android: 

iOS: 

Availability 

  • Available to all Google Workspace customers, as well as legacy G Suite Basic and Business customers 

Resources 

STEM Gems Conference Helps Girls Pursue their STEM Dreams

Google Fiber is proud to host guest blogger Stephanie Espy, the author of STEM Gems and the founder of the conference of the same name. As a chemical engineer, Stephanie understands the challenges facing women in science and technology. As a sponsor of this year’s conference, Google Fiber continues to look for new ways to encourage women to pursue careers in STEM.


Think back to your preteen/teen self. What were your career interests, and why? What inspired you? Who inspired you? Was it a teacher or family member? Was it a summer camp experience? Was it something you saw in a movie or tv show or read in a book or magazine?

Women remain underrepresented in STEM fields. Cybersecurity, engineering, computing, data science, and physical sciences are just a few examples of careers where women represent less than a quarter of jobs, in some areas even single digit percentages. If we want to see more girls choosing STEM, it is our responsibility to inspire them early and often.

The STEM Gems movement is centered on girls and was designed based on my life experiences. As a girl who was stimulated by math and science, I wish I had an organization like STEM Gems to inspire my exploration of STEM careers, introduce me to women in STEM role models, and demonstrate how a STEM career can make a difference in the world and help people. 

I started this movement by writing the STEM Gems book, and our programming now includes the STEM Gems Club, Summit, summer camp, and social media campaign. Each component exposes and supports girls with the goal of expanding their STEM fluency and helping them break through stereotypes and build confidence.  

All too often, girls are not exposed to STEM careers or encouraged to develop the skills necessary to pursue STEM careers. STEM Gems places them at the center of what is possible. I know how critical it is to help girls create their unique STEM footprint as I was able to persist throughout middle and high school, study chemical engineering at MIT and UC Berkeley, and become one of the 3% of underrepresented women of color to earn a bachelor’s degree in engineering. The vision for STEM Gems is to strengthen the pipeline and help to provide the support and structure necessary for girls to see themselves as researchers, innovators, creators, and problem solvers. 

The STEM Gems Summit: Women Empowering Girls is one way in which girls are inspired to choose STEM careers. The Summit brings together girls and young women, parents, educators, and mentors and introduces them to professional women in a diversity of STEM careers underrepresented by women. The Summit opens with each speaker doing a short “pitch” of their respective STEM career to attendees. The women then share what inspired them to choose their STEM career, their journey to where they are now, how they make a difference in the world using STEM, and advice for girls to create their unique STEM footprint in the world.

(((youtube)))

The 2022 STEM Gems Summit: Women Empowering Girls presented by AWS is co-sponsored by Google Fiber. Our sponsors have enabled us to increase our impact and dream big, reaching girls, parents, and educators across the country in both rural and urban cities. This year’s Summit will be held virtually on Saturday, March 19 at 11am EST / 8am PST. All are encouraged to attend and be inspired by an amazing group of women using STEM to better the world! Register today! (And you can follow STEM Gems on Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, or Facebook.)

Posted by Stephanie Espy, author of STEM Gems, founder of STEM Gems and MathSP



~~~~

author: Stephanie Espy

title: Author of STEM Gems, Founder of STEM Gems and MathSP

category: community_impact

categoryimage: true

yturl: https://www.youtube.com/embed/40MCy3mAu78

Code Health: Now You’re Thinking With Functions

This is another post in our Code Health series. A version of this post originally appeared in Google bathrooms worldwide as a Google Testing on the Toilet episode. You can download a printer-friendly version to display in your office.

by Cathal Weakliam

Loops are the standard way to process collections like arrays and lists. However, some loops implement the same patterns repeatedly, leading to duplicate code. Higher-order functions—functions that use other functions as inputs or outputs—can reduce duplication by providing a simpler way to express common operations with collections.

Consider these two loops in JavaScript that decide if every object in an array meets a condition:

let everyRequestValid = true;
for (const request of requests) {
if (!isValid(request)) {
everyRequestValid = false;
break;
}
}

if (everyRequestValid) {
// do something
}
let everyUserEligible = true;
for (const user of users) {
if (!isEligible(user)) {
everyUserEligible = false;
break;
}
}

if (everyUserEligible) {
// do something
}


The high similarity between the two loops violates the Don’t Repeat Yourself principle and creates an unnecessary burden on readers and maintainers of the code.

To reduce the maintenance burden, use the every method to replace each loop with a single expression.  (In other languages every may have a different name, like all or allMatch).

if (requests.every(isValid)) {
// do something
}
if (users.every(isEligible)) {
// do something
}


Processing collections with higher-order functions has several benefits:
  • It significantly reduces duplication by abstracting away the common looping code.
  • The resulting code is much shorter and simpler, with less opportunity for bugs.
  • A reader can quickly see the intent of the code as it is not obscured behind low-level control flow.
Two other common higher-order functions are map (apply a function to each element of a collection) and filter (select the elements of a collection that pass a predicate). While the exact syntax varies by language, here’s how they look in JavaScript (using an anonymous function as the argument):

// Double each value in `ints`
const doubled = ints.map(n => n * 2);
// Get only the even values in `ints`
const evens = ints.filter(n => n % 2 === 0);


Just don’t overdo it! Don’t rewrite a loop with functions if it makes it harder to understand, or if it would be considered unidiomatic in your language (for example, in Python, list comprehensions are equivalent to map and filter but are usually preferred).

Black on the Prairies: Carol LaFayette-Boyd’s Story

Editor's note: This Black History Month, we’re highlighting Black-perspectives, and sharing stories from Black Googlers, partners, and culture shapers from across Canada.
LaFayette-Boyd, a Master’s Canada Athletics competitor, atop the podium at a track and field meet. 

Black History Month is an opportunity for all of us to learn about the wide range of Black experiences, and the vital role our community has played throughout Saskatchewan’s shared history for over 100 years. As many of my relatives - especially the younger generation - do not look like me, I want them to be proud of our African heritage and all the contributions of people of African descent. 

In my growing up days we were referred to as various forms of the N-word and ‘Coloured’. I didn’t know us as Black until the Black is Beautiful and Black Power movements came in in the late 1960s. 

My dad’s parents came to Regina from Iowa in 1906. My dad, Karl, was born in Regina in 1907. They homesteaded out near Rosetown – west of Saskatoon in 1911. My mom’s grandparents came to Canada in 1910 from Oklahoma. That year, over 200 people arrived from Oklahoma to Maidstone and Amber Valley, where my great grandparents went. I was born on a farm. There were five born before me and the only one born in a hospital was our second brother who was born in June and it was easy to get there. There was no running water or electricity, but growing up on the farm leaves me with nothing but good memories of fun and harmony. Although, now I cannot go for more than 24 hours without running water.
What it was like being the only Black family and lessons learned 
Being the sixth-born child in my family, it seems that I was protected from name calling as my siblings had taken care of that already. They were always the fastest at track meets held with other communities and it was heard “run N-word run.” My parents taught me the saying that “sticks and stones will break your bones, but names will never hurt you”. I really took that to heart. They told me that the N-word meant the person felt bad about themselves, so put others down. I looked it up in the dictionary and saw it meant “Stupid person” (but think now I was looking at a different word) – I knew I wasn’t a stupid person so those calling me that felt that way about themselves. As a result, I never felt inferior to others; although I know at times I was treated as inferior to others. In my work in particular, I saw discrimination towards minorities and women and did my best to stand up against it.
Life in School
After my mom passed away, we moved to Regina where my Dad had found work after leaving the farm. In 1956, I was starting grade 9 and I found out many years later that my teacher had instructed the kids to be nice to me. She had not told them that I was Black. I was the only Black student in the six high schools in the city until grade 12 that I know of. There had been other people of African ancestry in Regina, but had left to live in either Calgary or Winnipeg where there was better opportunity for employment. 

One thing that most of us of African descent learned early on in life was that you had to give 200% in whatever you were trying to accomplish whether in school, work, sports, etc. in order to be accepted before others who might only give 50% effort and then the acceptance may not have come anyway. That is not unfamiliar to what many women have faced in competition for work. So a Black woman is facing double barriers. Because of affirmative action rules, hopefully that is changing. 

As a person of African descent, I have always seen myself as a member of the human race and while living in Canada, that was my identity. However, when I lived in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, I was always aware that I was Black. That did change until after Barack Obama was voted in as President. That moment made it feel like “now we are all members of the human race”. 

I think it is important to know and understand history so we will build on what is good and not repeat what isn’t.

Black on the Prairies: Carol LaFayette-Boyd’s Story

Editor's note: This Black History Month, we’re highlighting Black-perspectives, and sharing stories from Black Googlers, partners, and culture shapers from across Canada.
LaFayette-Boyd, a Master’s Canada Athletics competitor, atop the podium at a track and field meet. 

Black History Month is an opportunity for all of us to learn about the wide range of Black experiences, and the vital role our community has played throughout Saskatchewan’s shared history for over 100 years. As many of my relatives - especially the younger generation - do not look like me, I want them to be proud of our African heritage and all the contributions of people of African descent. 

In my growing up days we were referred to as various forms of the N-word and ‘Coloured’. I didn’t know us as Black until the Black is Beautiful and Black Power movements came in in the late 1960s. 

My dad’s parents came to Regina from Iowa in 1906. My dad, Karl, was born in Regina in 1907. They homesteaded out near Rosetown – west of Saskatoon in 1911. My mom’s grandparents came to Canada in 1910 from Oklahoma. That year, over 200 people arrived from Oklahoma to Maidstone and Amber Valley, where my great grandparents went. I was born on a farm. There were five born before me and the only one born in a hospital was our second brother who was born in June and it was easy to get there. There was no running water or electricity, but growing up on the farm leaves me with nothing but good memories of fun and harmony. Although, now I cannot go for more than 24 hours without running water.
What it was like being the only Black family and lessons learned 
Being the sixth-born child in my family, it seems that I was protected from name calling as my siblings had taken care of that already. They were always the fastest at track meets held with other communities and it was heard “run N-word run.” My parents taught me the saying that “sticks and stones will break your bones, but names will never hurt you”. I really took that to heart. They told me that the N-word meant the person felt bad about themselves, so put others down. I looked it up in the dictionary and saw it meant “Stupid person” (but think now I was looking at a different word) – I knew I wasn’t a stupid person so those calling me that felt that way about themselves. As a result, I never felt inferior to others; although I know at times I was treated as inferior to others. In my work in particular, I saw discrimination towards minorities and women and did my best to stand up against it.
Life in School
After my mom passed away, we moved to Regina where my Dad had found work after leaving the farm. In 1956, I was starting grade 9 and I found out many years later that my teacher had instructed the kids to be nice to me. She had not told them that I was Black. I was the only Black student in the six high schools in the city until grade 12 that I know of. There had been other people of African ancestry in Regina, but had left to live in either Calgary or Winnipeg where there was better opportunity for employment. 

One thing that most of us of African descent learned early on in life was that you had to give 200% in whatever you were trying to accomplish whether in school, work, sports, etc. in order to be accepted before others who might only give 50% effort and then the acceptance may not have come anyway. That is not unfamiliar to what many women have faced in competition for work. So a Black woman is facing double barriers. Because of affirmative action rules, hopefully that is changing. 

As a person of African descent, I have always seen myself as a member of the human race and while living in Canada, that was my identity. However, when I lived in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, I was always aware that I was Black. That did change until after Barack Obama was voted in as President. That moment made it feel like “now we are all members of the human race”. 

I think it is important to know and understand history so we will build on what is good and not repeat what isn’t.

How companies can help accelerate Africa’s digital transformation

Editor’s note:Today Google CEO Sundar Pichai addressed the African Union Summit Business Forum on the potential for Africa’s digital transformation and how companies like Google can help accelerate it, in partnership with governments. Below is an edited transcript of his remarks. Watch the video on YouTube.

On behalf of Google and Alphabet, I am pleased to address this Business Forum on the occasion of the African Union Summit. Thanks to your leadership, the African continent has experienced rapid economic growth despite pressing challenges. It’s been especially inspiring to see the role technology has played in enabling “African-led solutions to African and global problems.”

Africa is increasingly a place where innovation begins. People all over the world now use mobile payment systems, first developed in Kenya. Renewable energy innovations on the continent are shaping a more sustainable future. The emerging digital technologies in air transport and tourism in Africa that you are discussing today will improve connectivity on a global scale.

Expanding opportunities through technology is deeply personal to me. Growing up in India, every new innovation — from the rotary phone to the refrigerator — improved my family’s life.

The chance to bring technology to more people is what drew me to Google, and to its mission to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.

For 14 years, we’ve partnered with African governments to deliver on that mission. We opened our first office in Egypt in May 2007, and Google’s founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, hired our very first African Googlers. Since then our presence has grown to include offices in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and an AI research lab in Accra, Ghana. Together we have helped 100 million Africans affordably access the internet, trained six million people in digital skills since 2017, and invested in the African startup ecosystem.

Across all of these efforts, digital technology has been a powerful engine for progress. That opportunity will only grow: 300 million more people will come online in the next five years — many of them young, entrepreneurial and digitally-savvy.

What’s more, the African Continental Free Trade Area will boost intra-African trade and generate investments in infrastructure. Said simply: Africa is on the brink of a digital transformation. Companies like ours can play an important role, in partnership with governments, the African Union, and the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA).

Last year we announced a plan to invest $1 billion to support digital transformation in Africa. We are focused on the priorities outlined in our “Digital Sprinters” report, which illustrates how adoption of technology can accelerate economic growth. It starts with expanding affordable and reliable internet access for more people, with infrastructure investments such as our Equiano subsea cable. Working with partners like Econet, X’s Taara team is helping to bring internet connectivity to more communities. It uses light to transmit information at super high speeds through the air.

We’re also investing in startups in areas important to Africa’s economy. That includes transport and tourism, the theme of today’s Forum. For example, we’ve invested in startups like SafeBoda, an app that connects passengers to a community of safe, trusted drivers, through our $50 million Africa Investment Fund. And Send, a logistics platform that helps move cargo across Africa, received equity-free funding from our Black Founders Fund.

At the core of all these initiatives is partnership. Success means working in close collaboration with African governments, the AU, UNECA, and businesses in the digital ecosystem. We are committed to doing just that, to ensure every person in Africa can shape and share in the opportunities technology creates.

Click above to watch Google CEO Sundar Pichai’s address to leaders at the African Union Summit business forum.