Posted by Francesco Romano – Developer Relations Engineer on Android, and Fahd Imtiaz – Product Manager, Android Developer

Today, Android is launching a few updates across the platform! This includes the start of Android 16's rollout, with details for both developers and users, a Developer Preview for enhanced Android desktop experiences with connected displays, and updates for Android users across Google apps and more, plus the June Pixel Drop. We're also recapping all the Google I/O updates for Android developers focused on building excellent, adaptive Android apps.

Android has continued to evolve to enable users to be more productive on large screens.

Today, we’re excited to share that connected displays support on compatible Android devices is now in developer preview with the Android 16 QPR1 Beta 2 release. As shown at Google I/O 2025, connected displays enable users to attach an external display to their Android device and transform a small screen device into a powerful tool with a large screen. This evolution gives users the ability to move apps beyond a single screen to unlock Android’s full productivity potential on external displays.

The connected display update builds on our desktop windowing experience, a capability we previewed last year. Desktop windowing is set to launch later this year for users on compatible tablets running Android 16. Desktop windowing enables users to run multiple apps simultaneously and resize windows for optimal multitasking. This new windowing capability works seamlessly with split screen and other multitasking features users already love on Android and doesn't require switching to a special mode.

Google and Samsung have collaborated to bring a more seamless and powerful desktop windowing experience to large screen devices and phones with connected displays in Android 16 across the Android ecosystem. These advancements will enhance Samsung DeX, and also extend to other Android devices.

For developers, connected displays and desktop windowing present new opportunities for building more engaging and more productive app experiences that seamlessly adapt across form factors. You can try out these features today on your connected display with the Android 16 QPR1 Beta 2 on select Pixel devices.

What’s new in connected displays support?

When a supported Android phone or foldable is connected to an external display through a DisplayPort connection, a new desktop session starts on the connected display. The phone and the external display operate independently, and apps are specific to the display on which they’re running.

The experience on the connected display is similar to the experience on a desktop, including a task bar that shows running apps and lets users pin apps for quick access. Users are able to run multiple apps side by side simultaneously in freely resizable windows on the connected display.

Phone connected to an external display, with a desktop session on the display while the phone maintains its own state.

When a desktop windowing enabled device (like a tablet) is connected to an external display, the desktop session is extended across both displays, unlocking an even more expansive workspace. The two displays then function as one continuous system, allowing app windows, content, and the cursor to move freely between the displays.

Tablet connected to an external display, extending the desktop session across both displays.

A cornerstone of this effort is the evolution of desktop windowing, which is stable in Android 16 and is packed with improvements and new capabilities.

Desktop windowing stable release

We've made substantial improvements in the stability and performance of desktop windowing in Android 16. This means users will encounter a smoother, more reliable experience when managing app windows on connected displays. Beyond general stability improvements, we're introducing several new features:

• Flexible window tiling: Multitasking gets a boost with more intuitive window tiling options. Users can more easily arrange multiple app windows side by side or in various configurations, making it simpler to work across different applications simultaneously on a large screen.
• Multiple desktops: Users can set up multiple desktop sessions to match their distinct productivity requirements and switch between the desktops using keyboard shortcuts, trackpad gestures, and Overview.
• Enhanced app compatibility treatments: New compatibility treatments ensure that even legacy apps behave more predictably and look better on external displays by default. This reduces the burden on developers while providing a better out-of-the-box experience for users.
• Multi-instance management: Users can manage multiple instances of supporting applications (for example, Chrome or, Keep) through the app header button or taskbar context menu. This allows for quick switching between different instances of the same app.
• Desktop persistence: Android can now better maintain window sizes, positions, and states across different desktops. This means users can set up their preferred workspace and have it restored across sessions, offering a more consistent and efficient workflow.

Best practices for optimal app experiences on connected displays

With the introduction of connected display support in Android, it's important to ensure your apps take full advantage of the new display capabilities. To help you build apps that shine in this enhanced environment, here are some key development practices to follow:

Build apps optimized for desktop

• Design for any window size: With phones now connecting to external displays, your mobile app can run in a window of almost any size and aspect ratio. This means the app window can be as big as the screen of the connected display but also flex to fit a smaller window. In desktop windowing, the minimum window size is 386 x 352 dp, which is smaller than most phones. This fundamentally changes how you need to think about UI. With orientation and resizability changes in Android 16, it becomes even more critical for you to update your apps to support resizability and portrait and landscape orientations for an optimal experience with desktop windowing and connected displays. Make sure your app supports any window size by following the best practices on adaptive development.
• Implement features for top productivity: You now have all the tools necessary to build mobile apps that match desktop, so start adding features to boost users productivity! Allow users to open multiple instances of the same app, which is invaluable for tasks like comparing documents, managing different conversations, or viewing multiple files simultaneously. Support data sharing with drag and drop, and maintain user flow across configuration changes by implementing a robust state management system.

Handle dynamic display changes

• Don't assume a constant Display object: The Display object associated with your app's context can change when an app window is moved to an external display or if the display configuration changes. Your app should gracefully handle configuration change events and query display metrics dynamically rather than caching them.
• Account for density configuration changes: External displays can have vastly different pixel densities than the primary device screen. Ensure your layouts and resources adapt correctly to these changes to maintain UI clarity and usability. Use density-independent pixels (dp) for layouts, provide density-specific resources, and ensure your UI scales appropriately.

Go beyond just the screen

• Correctly support external peripherals: When users connect to an external monitor, they often create a more desktop-like environment. This frequently involves using external keyboards, mice, trackpads, webcams, microphones, and speakers. If your app uses camera or microphone input, the app should be able to detect and utilize peripherals connected through the external display or a docking station.
• Handle keyboard actions: Desktop users rely heavily on keyboard shortcuts for efficiency. Implement standard shortcuts (for example, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+Z) and consider app-specific shortcuts that make sense in a windowed environment. Make sure your app supports keyboard navigation.
• Support mouse interactions: Beyond simple clicks, ensure your app responds correctly to mouse hover events (for example, for tooltips or visual feedback), right-clicks (for contextual menus), and precise scrolling. Consider implementing custom pointers to indicate different actions.

Getting started

Explore the connected displays and enhanced desktop windowing features in the latest Android Beta. Get Android 16 QPR1 Beta 2 on a supported Pixel device (Pixel 8 and Pixel 9 series) to start testing your app today. Then enable desktop experience features in the developer settings.

Support for connected displays in the Android Emulator is coming soon, so stay tuned for updates!

Dive into the updated documentation on multi-display support and window management to learn more about implementing these best practices.

Feedback

Your feedback is crucial as we continue to refine these experiences. Please share your thoughts and report any issues through our official feedback channels.

We're committed to making Android a versatile platform that adapts to the many ways users want to interact with their apps and devices. The improvements to connected display support are another step in that direction, and we can't wait to see the amazing experiences you'll build!

Posted by Francesco Romano – Developer Relations Engineer on Android, and Fahd Imtiaz – Product Manager, Android Developer

To empower tablet users to get more done, we're enhancing freeform windowing, allowing them to run multiple apps simultaneously and resize windows for optimal multitasking. Today, we're excited to share that desktop windowing on Android tablets is available in developer preview.

For app developers, the concept of Android apps running in freeform windows has already existed with solutions like Samsung DeX and ChromeOS. Updating your apps to support adaptive layouts, more robust multitasking, and adaptive inputs will ensure your apps work well on large screens across the Android ecosystem.

Let’s explore how to optimize your apps for desktop windowing and deliver the optimal experience to users.

What is desktop windowing?

Desktop windowing allows users to run multiple apps simultaneously and resize app windows, offering a more flexible and desktop-like experience. This, along with a refreshed System UI and new APIs, allows users to be even more productive and creates a more seamless, desktop-like experience on tablets.

In Figure 1, you can see the anatomy of the screen with desktop windowing enabled. Things to make note of:

• Users can run multiple apps side-by-side, simultaneously
• Taskbar is fixed and shows the running apps, users can pin apps for quick access
• New header bar with window controls at the top of each window which apps can customize

Figure 1: Desktop windowing on a Pixel Tablet.Note: Images are examples and subject to change

How can users invoke desktop windowing?

By default, apps open in full screen on Android tablets. To run the apps as a desktop window on Pixel Tablet, press and hold the window handle at the top in the middle of the screen and drag it within the UI, as seen in Figure 2.

Once you are in the desktop space, all future apps will be launched as desktop windows as well.

Figure 2. Press, hold, and drag the window handle to enter desktop windowing.Note: Images are examples and subject to change

You can also invoke desktop windowing from the menu that shows up below the window handle when you tap/click on it or use the keyboard shortcut meta key (Windows, Command, or Search) + Ctrl + Down.

You can exit desktop windowing and display an app as full screen by closing all active windows or by grabbing the window handle at the top of the window and dragging the app to the top of the screen. You can also use the meta + H keyboard shortcut to run apps as full screen again.

To return to the desktop, move a full screen app to the desktop space by using the methods mentioned above, or simply tap on the desktop space tile in the Recents screen.

What does this mean for app developers?

Desktop windowing on Android tablets creates new opportunities for your apps, particularly around productivity and multitasking. The possibility to resize and reposition multiple app windows allows users to easily compare documents, reference information while composing emails, and multitask efficiently.

By optimizing for desktop windowing, you can deliver unique user experiences to match the growing demand for tablet-based productivity. At the same time, you'll enhance the overall user experience on tablets, making your apps more versatile and adaptable to different scenarios.

If your app already meets the Tier 2 (Large Screens optimized) quality bar in the Large screen app quality guidelines, then there is minimal additional optimization required! If your app has not been optimized for large screens yet, updating it according to the Large screen app quality guidelines becomes even more crucial in the context of desktop windowing. Let’s see why:

• Freeform resizing enables users to resize apps to their preference for maximized productivity. Considering this, developers should note:
• Apps with locked orientation are freely resizable. That means, even if an activity is locked to portrait orientation, users can still resize the app to landscape orientation window. In a future update, apps declared as non-resizable will have their UI scaled while keeping the same aspect ratio.
• Adaptive layouts: By adapting your UI, apps have an opportunity to effortlessly handle a wide range of window sizes, from compact to expanded screen layouts. In desktop windowing, apps can be resized down to a minimum size of 386dp x 352dp, so make sure to leverage window size classes to adjust your app's layout, content, and interactions to adapt to different window dimensions.
• State management: With freeform resizing, configuration changes happen each time the window resizes, so your app should either handle these configuration changes gracefully or make sure you are preserving the app state when the OS initiates the re-creation of the app. As a reminder, users can change the screen density while your app is running, so it’s best to ensure that your app can handle screen density configuration changes as well.




Figure 3. Apps with locked orientation are freely resizable.


• Desktop windowing takes productivity on tablets to the next level with multiple apps running simultaneously. Similar to split screen, Desktop windowing encourages users to have multiple windows open. Considering this, developers should note: 
• Multitasking support: For enhanced productivity, users can have two or more apps open simultaneously, and they expect to easily share content between apps, so add support for drag and drop gestures. Also, ensure your app continues to function correctly even when not in focus, and if your app uses exclusive resources like camera or microphone, the app needs to handle resource loss gracefully when other apps acquire the resource. 
• Multi-instance support: Users can run multiple instances of your app side-by-side; for example, a document editor application may allow users to start new documents while still being able to reference the already open documents. Apps can set this new Multi-instance property to declare that System UI should be shown for this app to allow it to be launched as multiple instances. Also note that in desktop windowing, new tasks open in a new window, so double-check the user journey if your app starts multiple tasks.



Figure 4. Start another instance of Chrome by dragging a tab out of the app window.
Note: Images are examples and subject to change


• With desktop windowing, input methods beyond touch and insets handling become even more important for a seamless user experience. 
• More input methods (keyboard, mouse): Users are more likely to use your app with a variety of input methods like external keyboards, mice, and trackpads. Check that users can interact smoothly with your app using keyboard and mouse peripherals or through the emulator. Developers can add support for app shortcuts and publish them using the keyboard shortcuts API, which allows users to easily view the supported app shortcuts through a standardized surface on Android devices.
• Insets handling: All apps when running in desktop windowing have a header bar, even in immersive mode. Ensure your app's content isn't obscured by this. The new header bar is reported as a caption bar in Compose (androidx.compose.foundation:foundation-layout.WindowInsets.Companion.captionBar) and in Views (android.view.WindowInsets.Type.CAPTION_BAR), which is part of the system bars. API 35 also introduced a new appearance type, to make the header bar transparent, to allow apps to draw custom content inside.

Get hands-on! 

Today we’re announcing a developer preview that provides you with an early opportunity to experience and test desktop windowing. You can try it out on Pixel Tablet before it’s released to AOSP more broadly. The preview is available today. Update your Pixel Tablet to the latest Android 15 QPR1 Beta 2 release to try out desktop windowing. If you don’t have a Pixel Tablet handy, access the Pixel Tablet emulator in Android Studio Preview, and select the Android 15.0 (Google APIs Tablet) target. Once your device is set up, select Enable freeform windows option in Developer options to explore the capabilities of desktop windowing and how your app behaves within this new environment.

By optimizing your apps for desktop windowing on Pixel Tablet, you are not only enhancing the app experience on that specific device but also future-proofing your apps for the broader Android ecosystem where freeform windowing will become prevalent. We're excited about the windows of opportunities enabled by desktop windowing, and we look forward to seeing how you adapt your apps for an enhanced user experience.

We're committed to improving the desktop windowing experience through future updates. Make sure to test your app and give us feedback. Say tuned for more developer guides and resources!