Author Archives: Anurag

Follow Related Research for Key Authors

Scholar provides several ways to keep up with research in your area. You can set up keyword alerts, get recommendations related to your publications and follow your colleagues’ profiles.

Today, we are adding another approach to stay up to date in areas of your interest. Now, in addition to following articles by and citations to an author, you can follow research that is related to her work.

To follow related research for an author, simply go to her public profile, click “Follow” and select “New articles related to this author’s research”. Scholar will automatically scan all new publications for articles related to her research and will send them to you as an email alert.

This is particularly useful if you are a graduate student or an early stage researcher. By following related research for your advisor, your thesis committee and possibly a few key faculty members in your department, you would be able to see the research landscape from their experienced vantage point.

It is also useful if, like myself, you are an industry or medical professional who isn’t active in the research realm but would like to keep up. By following related research for leading scholars, you will be able to quickly view relevant articles in key areas.

The astute reader has no doubt guessed that this can also be used to get email alerts for research related to your own work -- go to your public profile, click “Follow” and select “Recommended articles”.


Posted by: Anurag Acharya, Distinguished Engineer

Query Suggestions for Detailed Queries


Last year we added query suggestions to help students explore topics they may not be familiar with. These suggestions go from a broad search to deeper and more specific areas. But many of you are already well familiar with your research area, and your searches are already specific and detailed. Sometimes, it's good to take a step back and go into a different, but related, space.

Today, we're adding query suggestions for detailed queries. They help researchers explore topics related to the original query. For example, consider the query suggestions for [semantic segmentation object detection]. They cover:
Semantic segmentation: [semantic segmentation rgb d images], [fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation], [deep structured models for semantic segmentation], [indoor semantic segmentation], [fast semantic segmentation], [semantic segmentation scene classification], [semantic segmentation deconvolution network]
Object detection: [localization accuracy object detection], [joint object detection], [real time object detection]
Combination of concepts: [rich features object detection and segmentation], [semantic segmentation context for object detection]

Note that query suggestions appear below search results.
The new query suggestions span all broad areas of research. For example, see [prions protein folding], [global stock market portfolio selection], [test salmonella spp], [racial discrimination and gerrymandering], [gamma irradiation diamond detector], [binary planet formation], [aspect based sentiment analysis], [axial flow turbojet engine].

For now, the additional suggestions are limited to English queries. We plan to expand the coverage to more languages.


Posted by: Namit Shetty, Software Engineer

2017 Scholar Metrics Released


Scholar Metrics provide an easy way for authors to quickly gauge the visibility and influence of recent articles in scholarly publications. Today, we are releasing the 2017 version of Scholar Metrics. This release covers articles published in 2012–2016 and includes citations from all articles that were indexed in Google Scholar as of June 2017.

Scholar Metrics include journal articles from websites that follow our inclusion guidelines, selected conference articles in Computer Science & Electrical Engineering and preprints from arXiv and NBER. Publications with fewer than 100 articles in 2012-2016, or publications that received no citations over these years are not included.

You can browse publications in specific categories such as Ceramic Engineering, High Energy & Nuclear Physics, or Film as well as broad areas like Engineering & Computer Science or Humanities, Literature & Arts . You will see the top 20 publications ordered by their five-year h-index and h-median metrics. You also can browse the top 100 publications in several languages - for example, Portuguese and Spanish. For each publication, you can view the top papers by clicking on the h5-index.

Scholar Metrics include a large number of publications beyond those listed on the per-category and per-language pages. You can find these by typing words from the title in the search box, e.g., [allergy], [cardiología], [biomarkers].

For more details, see the Scholar Metrics help page.

Posted by: Anurag Acharya, Distinguished Engineer

Classic Papers: Articles That Have Stood The Test of Time

Scholarly research is often about the latest findings - the newest knowledge that our colleagues have gleaned from nature. Some articles buck this pattern and have impact long after their publication.

Today, we are releasing Classic Papers, a collection of highly-cited papers in their area of research that have stood the test of time. For each area, we list the ten most-cited articles that were published ten years earlier.

This release of classic papers consists of articles that were published in 2006 and is based on our index as it was in May 2017. To browse classic papers, select one of the broad areas and then select the specific research field of your interest. For example, Agronomy & Crop Science, Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas, and African Studies & History.

The list of classic papers includes articles that presented new research. It specifically excludes review articles, introductory articles, editorials, guidelines, commentaries, etc. It also excludes articles with fewer than 20 citations and, for now, is limited to articles written in English.

Posted by: Sean Henderson, Software Engineer

Organizing your Scholar library

Google Scholar Library allows you to build your personal collection of articles within Scholar. You can save articles right from the search page, organize them with labels, and use the power of Scholar's full-text search & ranking to quickly find just the one you want. You decide what goes into your library and we provide all the goodies that come with Scholar search results - up to date article links, citing articles, related articles, formatted citations, links to your university’s subscriptions, and more.

As personal libraries have grown over time,  managing them takes more effort. Today we are making organizing your library easier by making it possible to update or export multiple articles with a single click. For example, if you are writing a new paper, you can quickly export the articles to cite to your favorite reference manager; if you are grouping papers that explore different aspects of your research area, you can select all papers in a sub-field and label them with one click.



If you don’t yet have a library,  it is easy to create one.

Posted by: Deepak Jindal, Senior Staff Engineer

Organizing your Scholar library

Google Scholar Library allows you to build your personal collection of articles within Scholar. You can save articles right from the search page, organize them with labels, and use the power of Scholar's full-text search & ranking to quickly find just the one you want. You decide what goes into your library and we provide all the goodies that come with Scholar search results - up to date article links, citing articles, related articles, formatted citations, links to your university’s subscriptions, and more.

As personal libraries have grown over time,  managing them takes more effort. Today we are making organizing your library easier by making it possible to update or export multiple articles with a single click. For example, if you are writing a new paper, you can quickly export the articles to cite to your favorite reference manager; if you are grouping papers that explore different aspects of your research area, you can select all papers in a sub-field and label them with one click.



If you don’t yet have a library,  it is easy to create one.

Posted by: Deepak Jindal, Senior Staff Engineer

2016 Scholar Metrics Released


Scholar Metrics provide an easy way for authors to quickly gauge the visibility and influence of recent articles in scholarly publications. Today, we are releasing the 2016 version of Scholar Metrics. This release covers articles published in 2011–2015 and includes citations from all articles that were indexed in Google Scholar as of June 2016.

Scholar Metrics include journal articles from websites that follow our inclusion guidelines, selected conference articles in Computer Science & Electrical Engineering and preprints from arXiv and NBER. Publications with fewer than 100 articles in 2011-2015, or publications that received no citations over these years are not included.

You can browse publications in specific categories such as Food Science & Technology, Sustainable Energy, or Public Health as well as broad areas like Engineering & Computer Science or Humanities, Literature & Arts . You will see the top 20 publications ordered by their five-year h-index and h-median metrics. You also can browse the top 100 publications in several languages - for example, Portuguese and Spanish. For each publication, you can view the top papers by clicking on the h5-index.

Scholar Metrics include a large number of publications beyond those listed on the per-category and per-language pages. You can find these by typing words from the title in the search box, e.g., [journalism], [saúde], [genes].

In this release, we have added per-language pages for five new languages - Russian, Korean, Polish, Ukrainian, and Indonesian.

For more details, see the Scholar Metrics help page.

Posted by: Anurag Acharya, Distinguished Engineer

Query suggestions to help explore new topics


As a graduate student, I often had to find and read papers for my courses - usually in areas that I wasn't familiar with. Google Scholar had already made it possible to find papers in all areas of research and the key challenge was to find the right keywords to search for. And then, when I joined the Scholar team, I had to quickly come up to speed with yet more research fields.

Today, we are launching query suggestions to help users explore topics they may not be familiar with. When you do a query, the results page may also include related search queries to help you  explore different directions within your topic of interest. Query suggestions appear after search results.

For example, see  [antiparkinson]. As Wikipedia mentions, antiparkinson medications are used to treat/relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The suggested queries span several directions: Query suggestions span all broad areas of research. For example, see [gps antenna], [prions], [vaccination], [drug-eluting stents], [estoppel], [conformal field theory], [distributed database], [optimal stopping problem].

I wish I had access to something like this when I started working on query suggestions. Being able to quickly explore topics like [collocations], [language model] and [syntactic parsing] would have helped quite a bit...

As yet, query suggestions are available for selected English queries. We plan to expand the coverage to more languages and queries.

Posted by: Namit Shetty, Software Engineer

Quickly lookup references


As a graduate student and then a faculty member, I spent many a day trying to find references I had seen in articles. Tracking down each reference and then a copy of it that I was able to read often took several steps. With many a slip twixt the cup and the lip.

To help researchers quickly lookup references, Scholar now automatically identifies queries that are likely to be looking for a specific paper. For such queries, it tries hard to find the intended paper and a version that that particular user is able to read. You can lookup full references, e.g.:

King CY, Diaz-Avalos R (2004) Protein-only transmission of three yeast prion strains. Nature 428: 319–323.

Wong PC, Pardo CA, Borchelt DR, Lee MK, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Sisodia SS, Cleveland DW, Price DL (1995) An adverse property of a familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutation causes motor neuron disease characterized by vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria. Neuron 14:1105–1116.

Accetta, F. S., Zoller, D. J., & Turner, M. S. 1985, Phys. Rev., D31, 3046

Watanabe, Y., & Komatsu, E. 2006, Phys. Rev. D, 73, 123515

You can lookup article titles:

Emerald: A general‐purpose programming language

Compelling transgenetic evidence for transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions to humans

If all you remember is some of the authors and words from the title, that works in many cases too:

einstein rosen podolsky 1935

riedel gibson active disks

You can cut-and-paste references, type what you remember of the paper, or better still use the Scholar Button (available for Chrome, Firefox and Safari).

The astute reader has no doubt already figured out that this feature can be embedded on other web sites and can be used by libraries, publishers, teachers and others to help their own readers and students track down scholarly articles. To construct a Scholar lookup URL for an article title or a full reference, URL-escape the text and append it to https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=. E.g., here is a link to one of our recent articles:

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=On+the+shoulders+of+giants%3A+The+growing+impact+of+older+articles.

We would like to thank Cliff Chiung Yu Lin for his contributions in making this feature possible.

Posted by: Anurag Acharya, Distinguished Engineer

Blast from the past: reprint request postcards

Recently, I spent a few days organizing my uncle's papers. He was a graduate student in the 60s and a faculty member for the rest of his life. Going over his papers was like walking through the history of scholarly communication. One of the fascinating things I found were pre-printed postcards for requesting article reprints.

Each institution printed these postcards for its researchers. They included the institution address and a template request. To request a reprint, you would fill in the address of the author and some information about the paper you were interested in and drop it in mail. And hope for a response in six to ten weeks. Here are a couple of requests that my uncle received.





Much has changed since those days. Journal archives have moved online and email zips across the world in seconds. It is hard to imagine today how researchers of the day moved the mountains that they did.

Posted by: Anurag Acharya, Software Engineer